Although there has been a tradition of wall-paintings, especially in the Persianate world, the best-surviving and highest developed form of painting in the Islamic world is the miniature in illuminated manuscripts, or later as a single page for inclusion in a muraqqa or bound album of miniatures and calligraphy. (Wikipedia)
#1: Tarih-i Sultan Süleyman,Szigetvár campaign 1566, Tatars as avantgarde
Image source: commons.wikimedia.org
#3: Miniature from Rose Garden of the Pious. Jami. 1553.
Image source: commons.wikimedia.org
#4: Oil painting by Stubbs, George in 1765
Image source: commons.wikimedia.org
#7: Five poems (quintet), Walters Art Museum
Image source: www.flickr.com
#9: Horse and Groom, by Haydar Ali, early 16th century
Image source: en.wikipedia.org
#10: Construction of the fort of Kharnaq
Image source: en.wikipedia.org
#11: Woman with a Spray of Flowers, Safavid Iran, 1575 AD
Image source: en.wikipedia.org
#12: Outdoor Scene of a Mad Dog Biting a Man, Arabic Translation of the Materia Medica, 1224 AD
Image source: en.wikipedia.org